Mental retardation in children

Delayed Mental Development (DMD) is a complex neurocognitive disorder characterized by a delay in the development of a child's mental functions. DMD occupies an intermediate position between normal development and pathology, making its diagnosis and correction particularly important for the child's future.

Signs of Delayed Mental Development

The signs of DMD can vary depending on the child's age and the degree of delay. In infants and young children, delays may manifest as delays in achieving important developmental milestones such as crawling, walking, or speaking. In older children, signs may include learning difficulties, speech problems, weak communication skills, and low levels of social adaptation.

Delayed mental development can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic, biological, and environmental reasons:

• Genetic factors - Some cases of DMD may be associated with genetic disorders or hereditary diseases.
• Biological causes - Problems during pregnancy, such as infections, prematurity, or lack of oxygen at birth, can affect brain development.
• Environmental factors - Adverse family conditions, lack of stimulation, poor nutrition, and inadequate medical care can contribute to DMD.

Main Manifestations

DMD can manifest in various areas of life:

a) Cognitive Sphere:

• difficulties with attention and its stability;
• reduced memory, especially voluntary memory;
• underdeveloped cognitive operations;
• difficulty mastering reading, writing, and arithmetic skills.

b) Emotional-Will Sphere:

• immaturity of emotions;
• weakness of willpower;
• impulsivity or sluggishness;

c) Behavioral Sphere:

• hyperactivity or passivity;
• difficulties adhering to rules and norms of behavior;

d) Social Sphere:

• difficulties in interacting with peers;
• infantilism in social relationships.

Causes of Occurrence

The causes of DMD can be diverse:

• Biological factors: genetic anomalies, intrauterine infections, birth injuries, chronic illnesses in early childhood.
• Social factors: adverse upbringing conditions, pedagogical neglect, psychological deprivation.
• Combined factors: a combination of biological and social causes.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing DMD requires a comprehensive approach and involvement of various specialists: psychologists, neurologists, special education teachers. The following methods are used:

• observing the child's behavior and activities;
• interviewing parents and the child;
• psychological testing;
• neuropsychological examination;
• analyzing the child's work products (drawings, crafts).

With timely diagnosis and properly organized corrective work, the prognosis for DMD is generally favorable. Many children with DMD are capable of successfully adapting to society and overcoming developmental delays.

It is important to remember that each case of DMD is unique, and the approach to correction should consider the specific characteristics of the child. If you notice signs in your child that may indicate DMD, it is recommended to consult specialists for diagnosis and the development of an individualized support program.

Our qualified psychologists are ready to provide professional help in diagnosing and correcting DMD. Schedule a consultation to provide your child with the best opportunities for development and a successful future.